Desempenho psicofísico em um voo espacial de curta duração. Revisão narrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.752Palavras-chave:
voo espacial, astronautas, fisiologia, medicina aeroespacial, ColômbiaResumo
O desenvolvimento de atividades no espaço apresenta desafios psicofisiológicos que dificultam o desempenho humano, por isso sua compreensão é fundamental para o planejamento de missões suborbitais, orbitais e de exploração. O ambiente de microgravidade, aliado à exposição às condições de habitação em naves espaciais, requer uma integração holística de campos de conhecimento que estudam o desempenho humano para realizar várias atividades de pesquisa em ciência espacial em benefício das pessoas na Terra, além das tarefas de manutenção, navegação e sobrevivência de equipamentos, mas sobretudo para o projeto de programas que preservem a saúde e preparem astronautas para a reentrada na atmosfera, a fim de reduzir a morbidade e facilitar a aclimatação à superfície da Terra. Portanto, é realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada no período 1969-2020 por meio de bancos de dados de pesquisa como ProQuest, EBSCO, Ovídio, arXiv.org, SAGE, BioMed, ClincalKey, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Wiley, PubMed e Google Scholar, e os artigos que descrevem as mudanças fisiológicas mais relevantes em uma sequência de lançamento, voo orbital e reentrada nos sistemas nervoso central, cardiovascular, respiratório, musculoesquelético e hematológico, induzidos pela microgravidade e dinâmica de uma pequena operação espacial.
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