Artemis Program: Agreements and Technologies for the Exploration and Exploitation of the Moon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.720Keywords:
Artemis agreements, space colonization, lunar resources, space technologies, space law, moonAbstract
This paper reviews NASA’s Artemis program, which was developed with other space agencies and private and state partners. The program seeks to take people to the moon once again, this time to colonize and exploit Lunar resources as the first stage to later send humans to Mars. The paper is based on International Law and examines the principles of pacta sunt servanda applicable to space law, identifying elements that run against international regulations. This work begins with a description of the attempts to reach the moon, where some loopholes can be spotted. Afterwards, we present an overview of Artemis and discuss its embedded regulations, as well as the technology that was particularly developed for the program, which includes launch systems, a transport capsule, an orbital station, lunar vehicles, equipment for exploration and extraction of lunar resources, and habitable modules, among others. As a result, we offer a critical vision of the program, considering that only a small group of countries could appropriate lunar resources, although they belong to all of humanity. It is concluded that the international community should monitor this program and strive to respect, sign and ratify the norms established by the UN in an attempt to ensure that any activity related to the exploitation of celestial bodies could positively impact the entire planet.
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