Porous Borders : illegal Mining and Drug Trafficking as Latent Threats to Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.227Keywords:
Transnational Crime, Drug Trafficking, FFMM, Interoperability, Illegal Mining, StrategyAbstract
Transnational crime has become a latent threat to the security of the Colombian State and other countries of the region, calling for strategic actions by the security forces that go beyond the joint coordinated operations, requiring for its capacity and dynamism, the action within a framework of interoperability. In this sense, it provides a descriptive analysis of two major transnational threats affecting some Latin American countries and an approach given by the author on the strategy on how to deal with such challenges. This reflection paper is divided into three phases with a focus on qualitative research and documentary, descriptive and purposeful review. The first phase is an analysis of the evolution of the concept of security and transnational crime, the second, studies the specific case of drug trafficking and illegal mining, and the third one shows the recommendations made in order to demonstrate why should we deal with it in a coordinated manner and within a framework of cooperation and integration between states
Downloads
References
Alianza amazonas 2030. (2015). Disponible en: http://www.amazonas2030.net/cerca-de-51-mil-personas-trabajan-en-mineria-ilegal-en-colombia
Chillier, G y Freeman, L. (2005) “El Nuevo Concepto de Seguridad Hemisférica de la OEA: Una Amenaza en Potencia”. Un Informe Especial de WOLA. P 10
Cuevas, A. (2015). “La minería ilegal se ensañó con la Amazonia”. Disponible en:
Echandía, C. (2013) “Narcotráfico: Génesis de los paramilitares y herencia de bandas criminales” Fundación Ideas para la paz Serie Informes No. 19.
El Tiempo. (2012) “Minería ilegal desplaza a la coca en ocho regiones” Disponible en: http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12214227
EL Tiempo. (2015) “Cinco caras de la minería ilegal” Disponible en: http://www.eltiempo.com/estilo-de-vida/ciencia/mineria-ilegal-en-colombia/16244622
Escobedo, R & Guío, N. (2015). “Oro, crimen organizado y guerrillas en Quibdó” Disponible en: http://www.ideaspaz.org/publications/posts/1154
Garzón, J & Wilches, J. (2015) “Las razones del aumento de la coca” Disponible en: http://www.ideaspaz.org/publications/posts/1207
Giraldo, J. (2012) “Oro en Antioquia: entre lo informal, lo ilegal y lo criminal” Disponible en:
Gonzalbo, F. (2009) “Violencia, narcotráfico y Estado”. Disponible en: http://nuso.org/articulo/violencia-narcotrafico-y-estado/?page=1
Marín. C. (2010). Tantalio y Niobio: Metales Refractarios. Desmitificando al Coltán. En Metal Actual. Bogotá
Medina, C. (2012) “Mafia y narcotráfico en Colombia: elementos para un estudio comparado” El prisma de las seguridades en América Latina. Escenarios regionales y locales Disponible en: http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/clacso/gt/20120412011532/prisma-6.pdf p 142
Cr Risso, J. (2003) “La Interoperabilidad”. Instituto De Estudios Estratégicos De Buenos Aires.
Semana Sostenible. (2015) “Sudamérica busca enfrentar unida la minería ilegal en la Amazonía”. Disponible en: http://sostenibilidad.semana.com/medio-ambiente/multimedia/mineria-ilegal-amazonia-sudamerica-busca-enfrentar-unida-problematica/33483
Semana. ( 2013) Disponible en: http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/oro-crimen-mineria-ilegal/338107-3
Semana. (2013) “Minería ilegal: entre el oro y el crimen”. Disponible en: http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/oro-crimen-mineria-ilegal/338107-3
Torres, A. (2012) “Minería ilegal es el nuevo narcotráfico”, Disponible en.: http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/calibuenanota/noticias/mineria-ilegal-nuevo-narcotrafico-dice-minambiente
UNODC. (2015) Disponible en: https://www.unodc.org/ropan/es/organized-crime.html 2015
Vargas, A. (2009). “Narcotráfico: ¿Colombia y México comparables?” Disponible en: http://www.alainet.org/es/active/32219#sthash.tftl08BC.dpuf
Verdes-Montenegro, F. (2015) “Securitización: agendas de investigación abiertas para el estudio de la seguridad” Relaciones Internacionales. Número 29. Grupo de Estudios de Relaciones Internacionales (GERI) – UAM P 114
Villegas, M. (2013) “Ameripol, en la lucha contra el Crimen Organizado Transnacional” Disponible en: http://www.anepe.cl/2013/10/ameripol-en-la-lucha-contra-el-crimen-organizado-transnacional/
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Assignment of Copyrights
Authors assign Ciencia y Poder Aéreo journal the exclusive rights (reproduction, distribution, public communication, and transformation) to exploit and commercialize their work, in whole or in part, in all the formats and modalities of present or future exploitation, in all languages, throughout the life of the work and throughout the world.
All contents published in Ciencia y Poder Aéreo journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, whose complete information is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Under the terms of this license, users are free to download, print, extract, archive, distribute and publicly communicate the content of articles, provided that proper credit is granted to authors and Ciencia y Poder Aéreo, scientific journal of the Graduate School of the Colombian Air Force. Except when otherwise indicated, this site and its contents are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
For other uses not considered under this license it is required to contact the Director or the Editor of the journal at the e-mail address cienciaypoderaereo1@gmail.com.
The Graduate School of the Colombian Air Force and this publication are not responsible for the concepts expressed in the articles, including the metadata or the affiliation stated by authors. This is the full responsibility of the authors.
